/* Copyright (c) 2011 Wildfire Games
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 * a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 * "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 * without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 * distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 * permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 * the following conditions:
 * 
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
 * in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * 
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 * MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
 * TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
 * SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

/*
 * pool allocator (fixed-size blocks, freelist).
 */

#ifndef INCLUDED_ALLOCATORS_POOL
#define INCLUDED_ALLOCATORS_POOL

#include "lib/bits.h"	// ROUND_UP
#include "lib/allocators/allocator_policies.h"

namespace Allocators {
	
/**
 * allocator design parameters:
 * - O(1) allocation and deallocation;
 * - fixed-size objects;
 * - support for deallocating all objects;
 * - consecutive allocations are back-to-back;
 * - objects are aligned to the pointer size.
 **/
template<typename T, class Storage = Storage_Fixed<> >
class Pool
{
	NONCOPYABLE(Pool);
public:
	// (must round up because freelist stores pointers inside objects)
	static const size_t objectSize = ROUND_UP(sizeof(T), sizeof(intptr_t));

	Pool(size_t maxObjects)
		: storage(maxObjects*objectSize)
	{
		DeallocateAll();
	}

	size_t RemainingObjects()
	{
		return (storage.MaxCapacity() - end) / objectSize;
	}

	T* Allocate()
	{
		void* p = mem_freelist_Detach(freelist);
		if(p)
		{
			ASSERT(Contains((uintptr_t)p));
			return (T*)p;
		}

		return (T*)StorageAppend(storage, end, objectSize);
	}

	void Deallocate(T* p)
	{
		ASSERT(Contains((uintptr_t)p));
		mem_freelist_AddToFront(freelist, p);
	}

	void DeallocateAll()
	{
		freelist = mem_freelist_Sentinel();
		end = 0;
	}

	// @return whether the address lies within the previously allocated range.
	bool Contains(uintptr_t address) const
	{
		return (address - storage.Address()) < end;
	}

private:
	Storage storage;
	size_t end;
	void* freelist;
};

LIB_API void TestPool();

}	// namespace Allocators


#include "lib/allocators/dynarray.h"

/**
 * allocator design parameters:
 * - O(1) alloc and free;
 * - either fixed- or variable-sized blocks;
 * - doesn't preallocate the entire pool;
 * - returns sequential addresses.
 *
 * opaque! do not read/write any fields!
 **/
struct Pool
{
	DynArray da;

	/**
	 * size of elements. = 0 if pool set up for variable-sized
	 * elements, otherwise rounded up to pool alignment.
	 **/
	size_t el_size;

	/**
	 * pointer to freelist (opaque); see freelist_*.
	 * never used (remains 0) if elements are of variable size.
	 **/
	void* freelist;
};

/**
 * pass as pool_create's \<el_size\> param to indicate variable-sized allocs
 * are required (see below).
 **/
const size_t POOL_VARIABLE_ALLOCS = ~(size_t)0u;

/**
 * Ready Pool for use.
 *
 * @param p Pool*
 * @param max_size Max size [bytes] of the Pool; this much
 * (rounded up to next page multiple) virtual address space is reserved.
 * no virtual memory is actually committed until calls to pool_alloc.
 * @param el_size Number of bytes that will be returned by each
 * pool_alloc (whose size parameter is then ignored). Can be 0 to
 * allow variable-sized allocations, but pool_free is then unusable.
 * @return Status
 **/
LIB_API Status pool_create(Pool* p, size_t max_size, size_t el_size);

/**
 * free all memory (address space + physical) that constitutes the
 * given Pool.
 *
 * future alloc and free calls on this pool will fail.
 * continued use of the allocated memory (*) is
 * impossible because it is marked not-present via MMU.
 * (* no matter if in freelist or unused or "allocated" to user)
 *
 * @param p Pool*
 * @return Status.
 **/
LIB_API Status pool_destroy(Pool* p);

/**
 * indicate whether a pointer was allocated from the given pool.
 *
 * this is useful for callers that use several types of allocators.
 *
 * @param p Pool*
 * @param el
 * @return bool.
 **/
LIB_API bool pool_contains(const Pool* p, void* el);

/**
 * Dole out memory from the pool.
 * exhausts the freelist before returning new entries to improve locality.
 *
 * @param p Pool*
 * @param size bytes to allocate; ignored if pool_create's el_size was not 0.
 * @return allocated memory, or 0 if the Pool would have to be expanded and
 * there isn't enough memory to do so.
 **/
LIB_API void* pool_alloc(Pool* p, size_t size);

/**
 * Make a fixed-size element available for reuse in the given Pool.
 *
 * this is not allowed if the Pool was created for variable-size elements.
 * rationale: avoids having to pass el_size here and compare with size when
 * allocating; also prevents fragmentation and leaking memory.
 *
 * @param p Pool*
 * @param el Element returned by pool_alloc.
 **/
LIB_API void pool_free(Pool* p, void* el);

/**
 * "free" all user allocations that ensued from the given Pool.
 *
 * this resets it as if freshly pool_create-d, but doesn't release the
 * underlying reserved virtual memory.
 *
 * @param p Pool*
 **/
LIB_API void pool_free_all(Pool* p);

/**
 * Return the number of bytes committed in the pool's backing array.
 *
 * This is roughly the number of bytes allocated in this pool plus the
 * unused freelist entries.
 *
 * @param p Pool*
 * @return number of bytes
 **/
LIB_API size_t pool_committed(Pool* p);

#endif	// #ifndef INCLUDED_ALLOCATORS_POOL